Unit_3

Chapter 11 - Chaptrer 15

Expansion of Cotton Kingdom and Slavery [1850's]


Above in the image, the size of a 1000 acre plantation in Alabama comvers about most of the area of the city of Malden. Since platations cover up as much space as a small town, with each platation is its little town. Neighbors have very little connection and communication between each other.

Above shows the spread of cotton production from 1820 to the 1860. One major reason of the spread was the industrial revolution in Britain. The textiles factories in Britain increased the demand for cotton in the nation, which then they turned to the southern cotton production of the United States. As a result of increasing foreign demanding, the demand for slave labor as well increased with the spread of cotton plantation. As well as the territorial expansion, the annexation of Texas, the Missouri Compromise; The increase of south western slave states also brought the spread of the cotton kingdom. Similar climates, the permission of slave labor encouraged southerners to continue their cotton plantation.
 * Spread of Cotton**

Consumption of cotton as a result of territorial expansion and foreign demand.

Above shows the percentage of enslaved population in relation to the total population between the 1820s to the 1860s. In the old states the changes were not significant. However in the more newly admitted states, the percentage is higher.

Outline of Southern Social Structure
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Chapter 12 Preview
Antebellum : Before War/ Pre-war, referring usually to 20 - 40 years before the Civil (1820 - 1860) Key Events Key Movements Key Figures
 * 1831 'Liberator' Published by William Lloyd Garrison
 * 1844 Mormons Leader Joseph Smith killed
 * 1847 Mormons migrated to Salt Lake City
 * 1848 Seneca Falls Convention
 * 1852 Publication of 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'
 * Abolition
 * Women's right
 * Education
 * Temperance
 * Utopia
 * Prison
 * Transcendentalism
 * Catherine Beecher
 * William Lloyd Garrison
 * Frederick Douglass
 * Harriet Beecher Stowe
 * Horace Mann
 * Joseph Smith
 * Henry David Thoreau
 * Ralph Waldo Emerson

**Temperance Movement:**
Moderation, restraint, to keep in control, to avoid acess. Tried to convince people to reduce the amount of use of alcohol. Positives and Negatives of Alcohol +'s Depressent Keep Warm Necessary for Parties Moderate Amount for good health Good for Cooking -'s Addicting Toxic Cause of Cancer Lost of self-control Damaging internal organs Cause of domestic violence Foul Smell

Image Analysis Regardless of the text,the image shows the bad effects of alcohol at the time. The women, raising three children alone without her husband, yet the husband abandoned the family for drinking. Obviously the husband was over weighted for multiple reasons, but certainly one cause was alcohol. Alcohol had teared the family apart, as well as they were in debts for the overuse of alcohol by the husband. The illustrator believed that it is the evilness of alcolhol that caused the break apart of the family, and the women and children was sacrificed for the husband's greed for liquor.

Antebellum Reform Movements Presentation
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Textbook Map Analyze
p. 340 Significant White Settlement 1810 - 1850

Before 1810 the white settlements concerntrated in the New England Area, from the Colonies to the Mid-Atlantic Between 1810 - 1830 the whites settle towards the deep south, as well as the north west by the northwest ordinance During the 1830s - 1850s, the Antebellum Era, the whites began moving in to the mid states of the nation presentday. As well as the trials brought the people to the far west.

The map displays the trials travelved by people migrating west at the 1860's. The green trials were the commercia trails and the red trails were the migration trials. Most of the trials in the 1860's were migration trails, people migrating west had traveled. The unique California trail, which is purple stretched all the way, but splited into 3 destinations. Each of the trail were hundreds of miles long, as well led a expansion of settlement on the continent.
 * p.345 Western Trials in the 1860's**

p.347 The Oregon Boundary, 1846 The map displayed the Oregon Country disputed by the United States and Great Britian in The territory was splited in half, control by the two nations, but there were parts disputed by both. The 1846 Treaty line, the 49th parallel strengthen the border. However, before, the U.S attempted for the 54'40 parallel, or war would be declared on Britian.

p.349 Mexican War 1846 - 1848

The map displayed the battled and the route marched by both troops during the Mexican - American War in 1846 - 1848. From the map it shows that the Mexicans were not able to invade the American border. And the Americans had the advantages the whole time (By displaying that were was only one Mexican victory on the map). It was a complete victory by the Americans.

p.350 Mexican Cession 1845 - 1853

After war Mexico disputed a large amount of territories in return of 13Million dollars. The area includes present day New Mexico, Arizona, part of Texas and California. Texas was annexed before the war had begun. 5 years after the war the Gadson purchase was made, more land was then added to the American Territory.

p.354 Slave and Free territories Under the Compromise of 1850

The compromise of 1850 was issued to settle the issue of California entering the union as a free state. As California was admitted into the union as a free state, the Missouri Compromise line was repealed since it was unconstitutional. From the middle to the deep south, some southeastern part of the country, slavery was about 45 - 50 percent of the total population. Even though unsettled territories were admitted free, the Utah and New Mexico territories were left up to popular sovereignty, which led the chaotic crisis, the Bleeding Kansas.


 * p.363 The Election of 1860**

The map displaying the electoral votes distributed in the nation during the election of 1860. The free states, later the ones that did not suceded voted for Lincoln. The States later suceded most voted for Breckinridge(Some what due to the unfair ballots in the deep south). THe boder states, which later sided with the union during the civil war voted for John Bell, who wanted to end the crisis with compromises. Unfortunately, Douglas, who had the second most popular votes had the least electoral votes (Who finished almost every second place in the popular vote for most of the states.)

Chapter 13 Glog
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Geographical effects on the Civil War
Geographical locations had major effects on the war. At the beginning of the war President Lincoln ordered a blockade around the south coast and Mississippi River to block any ships from leaving or entering the Confederate ports, in order to cut off their resources. In 1862, the Union troops captured New Orleans, a major commercial center of the confederate(include trade and banking and transportation), as well as the blockade in Mississippi RIver cut off all supplies source for the confederate. Since the Capital Washington is near the border of the confederate and the union, major forces were placed around the city, at the same time the confederate troops could not advanced into the states where the capital is located, limiting the locations of the battlefields. Gettysburg, a major victory of the north and the turning point of the war, depended greatly on the geographical locations. The union siezed the hills on Gettysburg, making defense easier, and more difficult for the advances of the confederate troops. The capture of Atlanta became the sign of union victory. Atlanta, like New Orleans, was as well a major city of commerical in the south. After Sherman's march, railroads, farms and buildings of the city were mostly destroyed, completely destoryed the south's back up for supplies and transportations.

Individual & Group Perspectives of the Civil War and Reconstruction
Civil War: The war was fought to preserve the union and supress the rebellion, not necessarily to abolish slavery. Reconstruction: Lincoln had his sympathy laid for the south, with a conservative view. he wanted quick unification of the nation, to move on and not punishing the south.
 * Lincoln**

Civil War: Moderate secessionist, but fought for his region.
 * Lee:**

Reconstruction: Even though he wanted to re-unify the union, he opposed any proporsals about civil equality between whites and blacks (Was a democrate, began to called himself a republican).
 * Johnson:**

Civil War: They were made believe that the war was fought their own freedom Reconstruction: Even though they were claimed free, they were not treated equally as the whites, they still were considered not free.
 * African Americans**

Civil War: a devastating impact to their ways of lives, and all of a sudden from rich to poor after the mass destruction. Reconstruction: Even after the 13th amendment, they tried to find ways around to keep African Americans illegally tied to their platations just as slaves.
 * Planter Class:**

Reconstruction: Quickly admit the states back into the union once the new state constitution was written, no punishment to the south.
 * Conservative Republicans**

Reconstruction: The confederacy leaders should be punished with the south; Hostile towards the seceeded states; legal rights of the freedmen should be proteccted; being too soft towards the rebels. Only oppurtunities to reshape the south.
 * Radical Republicans**


 * Carpetbaggers:**

War: View the war as a failure, in both the pride and economy. Reconstruction:
 * Scalawags:**

Lincoln Video 12/7/10
`Lincoln was out of the white house for 1/4 of his presidency `Emancipation proclamation was a strategic move, to weaken the power of the rebellion, as a cheif commander, he was able to issue the proclamation. president had no right to abolish slavery. `The proclamation meant a reuniting the nation with new south `Reelection was run during the civil war (without southern confederate votes), only election that not all original 13 states participated. `Lincoln was not willing to end the war recognizing the southern confederacy and slavery `Linclon didn't had a big win in his reelection, his victory was helped by the victory in Atlanta and Vicksburg `Johnson was the first president to sucess as a president because of assasinasion; as well a southerner who thought different from Lincoln. `The last Jacksonian, the most racist president, stubborn, uncompromising. `Johnson vetoed 29 bills written by the congress [more than 12 bills by Jackson]. (he thought he had ended the reconstruction) `No limits for presidencial terms at the time `Overrides Johnson's vetoes 15times `Impeached but failed `Grant was the youngest president at the time `KKK was the racist of the democrates, and abusing the blacks `War on terror and crushed KKK