Unit_1

**The Chesapeake Region**
One of the early colonies settled by the English in 1607, as soon as the London Company receive the charter from the King. Located near the Chesapeake Bay between present day Virginia and Maryland. A poorly chosen spot which agriculture was difficult and was surrounded by Native indian tribes. The settlers were not exposed to the native diseases, like the indians during the early exploration times, a lot of the settlers soon died. During winter a lot of the colonist died due to starvation and exposure for the lack of resources. The winter of 1609 - 1610 was known as the starving time. After John Smith's raids in the indian tribes, the indians begin an counter, they killed cattles of the settlers and livestocks, the colonist had to survive with what they can find, even dead corpses of men. Then the first governer of the colonie show up, De La Warr. He was known for his harsh treatments to the colonist, which often the colonist were forced to work and hanged if anyone offends the system that he posted. Then colonists were able to own land in exchange, they had to pay a shilling of grains each year. Virginia was a tough place for the colonists, but it was due to the harsh governing that the colonie is able to survive and expand. After tobacco was found valuable, planter John Rolfe began experimenting planting tobbacco in Virginia and he was successful, and also result in the spread of tobacco planting in Jamestown, and Virginia. The tobacco helped the economy of Jamestown(since it was a very profitable crop), also increased the demand of labor and land in the colonies; Which this demand resulted in the expansion of the colonies. (Increased the importation of slavery due to the large demand in labor)

Anne Hutchinson and The Puritans
Hutchinson openly challenged the authority of the colonial government, she argue that through election, the staffs in spiritual office cannot be guarenteed that they have any knowledge in the religion. Therefore she deny the Cotton's right in running in a election for office. In her opinion, the Massachusetts clergy at that time should not be in spiritual office since they had not undergo 'elect', which is conversion. These men were not to to be in charge of the congregation churches, they have no authority over anyone of the church, they should not be granted power. She also supported the thought of women's rights in a puritan society. The puritans were furious with Hutchinson's open challenge. Followers of Hutchinson had stopped the election held. Then Leaders of the puritans claimed that Hutchinson should not be part of their society anymore, as a result Hutchinson was first arrested then was banished, and she moved to find a society NewYork.
 * **Hutchinson's view of the Puritans (So What?)**
 * ===Puritans' Views of Hutchinson(So What?)===

Different Types of Colonies In American

 * 1) Royal - Ruled by the power of the crown, or leaders directly chosen by the king.
 * 2) Proprietiary - Colonies for profitting purposes, usually for trading and agriculture(own by companies who was granted a charter). An annual fee to the government was necessary.
 * 3) Chartered - Own by a landlord who received a charter from the king,land was for personal purposes. No complete control, since the charter can be repealed by the monarch.
 * 4) Self-Governning - Colonies with neither a landlord or company, usually governed by the congregation church's chosen leader.(Or an elected legislature.)

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=﻿Birth and Death Factors=

Increase in population:

 * 1) Immigration
 * 2) Knowledge in medicine
 * 3) Reproduction
 * 4) Longer life expectancy of parents
 * 5) Balance between gender
 * 6) Surving rate of infants
 * 7) Clean or healthy enviroment
 * 8) Catholic
 * 9) Government Policy

Decrease in Population

 * 1) Diseases
 * 2) Lack of food source
 * 3) Short life expectancy
 * 4) War
 * 5) Emmigration
 * 6) Natural disaster
 * 7) Crime
 * 8) Unclean enviroment

=﻿Social Mobility=

Social mobility often refers to how an individual or a group move up and down in the social pyramid. It applies to the colonial lives in a couple ways. In royal colonies, leaders are chosen by the crown, they could have been the top in the parliament, and after the crown appointed he/she, he/she becomes at the top of they colony. In proprietary colonies, land owner and property owners were granted more right than regular settler. They were allow to vote and run for ther local colonial government. In chartered colonies which the local government would be the congretional church, the leaders were elected by the people. However once again, the candidates allowed to be in the election was an land owner, not necessary a religious leader. Overall, social mobility is the owning of property of an individual allowes he/she to stand on top of the rest of the people, even have the power over the society of the region. -Social Mobility in the world today- Still in the world today theres social mobility, but it is less involving the politic, since the world is no longer the world which 'the person owns everything is in charge'. Born in a higher class does not mean being able to rule the society. once you lose your property you are at the bottom of the society. this is still true in communist society. For a person to move up, he/she either gain wealth, or receive a positions in the politics.

How Do Birth and Death rates relate to social Mobility
A high death rate in men would eventually give more power to the women in general. A high birth rate would lead to more competition (but the asurviving percentage ofn infants must be high.) Low competition provides more chances for social mobility. When there is a high birth rate and death rate, a high population would make social mobility more difficult.

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French & Indian War
Map Analysis p.111
 * After war, a majority of the land was divided into thirds, unexplored,English and the Spanish
 * The French was 'kicked out' of Canada according to the Treaty of Paris.
 * Louisiana Territory was temporarily controlled by the Spanish (since later the Lousianna purchase was a deal with the French)
 * The Russians occupied part of the Northwest North America continent, which later known as the Alaska region.
 * French gave up most of its territory in the carribeans to the English
 * Greenland remained unexploered until occupied by Denmark.
 * Hudson bay Company was in control of the Canadian territories.
 * The English control most of present day Canada, Indian reserved lands, Quebec, and their 13 colonies.
 * The English began to explore westward from the Canadian territory which later becam the Oregon country.
 * Only St.Donmingue remain under the control of the French.
 * English had captured the Spanish Florida

Declaration Of Independence Wordle
media type="custom" key="7035487" __**Analysis of most prominant words**__ War: The strong desire had by the colonist, was shown in the DoI that, a war for indepence and their freedom was unavoidable.
 * People/Mankind**: The writers considered the rights among all individuals of humans very important, which is also the basic principle of the Constitution
 * Government/Law/Britain/Absolute/Power**: All the causes of the war and the struggle of independence began with the British trying to have absolute power over the colonist. The corrupted government, the absolute power of the King, the lack of representation and the series of intolerble laws, was the mistake by the British which had led the colonist on their way for independence.
 * Right:** The British government had taken away the Colonist's rights as being an English citizen, and their rights of being represented in Parliament.
 * Independent:** Independence should not be the only way out, but the situation at this point had forced the colonist to fight for their independence, for personal **freedom.** From the absolute ruling of the king, now the Colonists needed their own freedom to governt themselves.
 * Colonies/States/United:** They no longer consider themselves the 13 British Colonies but a nation which united together by 13 self governing states.

Assumptions of Republicanism

 * Active citizens, engaged in the political process
 * Power coming from ordinary people instead of an absolute power leader/ Representative Democracy
 * power among all property owner
 * Equality of all humans: talents and ability of an individual, not their positions and birth would deteremine their position in society
 * No equal amount of wealth and power among all people, but therew will be equal opportunities.

Analysis of the Assumption:

 * They did had the power coming from all the people, but not necessarily all the time (ex. Andrew Jackson's cabinet)
 * Not necessasrily all land owners had power, but for sure they were above some other extreme poor people
 * The rights among ALL HUMAN was NEVER TRUE until after the civil rights movement. The blacks, wichi were considered less human had no right all all, to either own property, to sue, or even the rights to their own freedom. The natives had power over their freedom, but when it comes to anything having to do with the U.S government, they had no rights to negotiate but reluctanly accepting the fact. Women remain under the power of the white male, they had no right to sign contracts or make any deals. They were only allowed house chores and others.
 * In mondern times, certainly the African Americans and women had gain their freedom over time. However power coming from all people doesn't seem to be quite true yet. Even up to this point, there are still occasions which people in a higher class appoint workers as they wish.
 * Also, people who doesn't have the wealth, now days, were limited in a lot of ways. They were limited to owning a house, a car, or affording their children to college. Even the opportunity is equal, the wealth among individuals seems like it had became a restrictions on pursuting power.
 * Not necesarrily equal outcome, life. Meristocracy(gain from what you work for)

Centralized Power

 * Declaring wars:** its a national and international issue, the national government should declare war, and the state government should really be voting on the war. Ther decisions should be up to the states.
 * Immigration policies**: National policy. It should be a national issues, because it matters whoever is entering the nation. if every states has it own policy, when a state becomes over populated, and emmigration starts, it would affect the other states as well.
 * Treaties and Alliances:** National power. If one state has the right to allie with another nation, they might just use the chance to become their own country. Since it is an diplomatic issues, for example if one state allied with England and another allied with the French, they might just led to another unnecessary civil war.
 * Taxation:** State power. Different states has different taxation systems. Since each state's economic status differs by each state, it should be up to the states to decide the tax rate and the impose/repeal of the taxes.